The White Swan

There was a time when all swans were white. Just like the sky was blue and the grass was green. This was held as a truth until, in the year 1697, a black swan was discovered in Western Australia.

Since then, black swans have become a synonym for the unexpected, the disruptive. Disruptive not only in the sense of paradigm-altering technology phenomena like Google or the iPhone, or business models like Amazon’s or Uber’s. Disruptive also in the sense of geo-politics like the terror attacks of September 11, 2001, the effects of global warming or the COVID19 pandemic. Disruptive also in the political sense such as the UK’s unexpected “Brexit” decision or the rise to power of a complete political outsider to the U.S. presidency.

The 2007 bestselling book “The Black Swan” by Nassim Nicholas Taleb subtitled “The impact of the highly improbable” is said to have prophesized the U.S. banking crash a year later. The premises for a Black Swan event, according to Taleb, are that they are outliers of extreme impact that “human nature” tries to rationalize after the fact by concocting explanations that make them explainable and predictable.

It feels like Black Swans have since conquered the world much like the North American gray squirrel decimated the reddish brown squirrel in large parts of Europe. 2020 in particular has been a year in which it was quite predictable that the unpredictable would happen. The outlier has become the new normal.

While many of these events were negative or even catastrophic in nature, I don’t think we should succumb to a doomsday perspective of life. Out of the chaos, new and good things may emerge if we are open to changing and adopting. A drive to change is not in the human nature, of course, and most will try to cling to present day business models and five year plans. But the Black Swans are here to stay, they are sharing the pond with our beloved white swans. It is safe to say that raw materials and the world’s resources will continue to remain among the White Swans in the world, although not shielded from the effects of economic change and investor behavior. Which is why I decided it was time for a new chapter of this blog series, shifting focus from Metal Megatrends to the White Swan effect precious metals, rare earth elements and technology metals.

It only took me two years, I know… reconciling my new career at BASF with my writing activities was one aspect I kept struggling with. As I experienced in an earlier media exposure, it is ever so easy to see your contents relabeled as the statement of a company or organization you are affiliated with, turning a personal statement into one of that entity. I didn’t want that to happen. In this small world, I also didn’t want to expose people that are dear to me to suspicions of having provided me with insider information even when my actual source is someone else. Appearances alone suffice to pass judgement these days.

So here I am, back and full of ideas for topics, reports and interviews to try and rationalize the irrational before it occurs, instead of after the fact. A bit of an experiment, so let’s see how it goes.

Thanks a lot to my subscribers for hanging in – my new series will start at the beginning of January.

Learnings on Osmium

Os ElephantThis is what I love most about the precious metals industry: more than 30 years in the business and the learning never stops. Back in 2017, I got myself into a pickle by promising the European Chapter of IPMI a paper on Osmium for their annual conference. At this point, I didn’t even like Osmium which had caused me several headaches back in my Degussa (the original one) days. The market is small, applications are few and to make matters worse, the metal forms a toxic substance when exposed to air, raising the question whether it is as much a precious metal as Pluto was a planet.

Things changed when I heard of a company offering osmium in a crystallized form, which isn’t just harmless in natural atmosphere, but also quite pretty to look at. My continued research after the conference, together with featuring the crystallized product in my paper sparked feedback from several industry contacts prompting me to revise some of the assumptions that I originally made.

Here is what I learned:

  • Osmium is not just co-mined with other platinum group metals (PGMs) in South Africa. Significant quantities are also co-mined with nickel in several places around the world. Increased nickel demand for battery-electric vehicles will inevitably lead to more above-ground osmium.
  • There already are substantial above-ground inventories of Osmium in unprocessed form (sometimes in conjunction with iridium as so-called “Osmiridium”) waiting for a mainstream application.
  • Combining the information received from said industry contacts it must be assumed that the annual consumption of Os worldwide today is between 800 and 1,000kg.

Positioning Os as a novel, non-synthetic diamond replacement in jewelry applications therefore remains a convincing proposition if it can be accomplished. So far, the concerns I had raised in my blog when first reporting about the idea remain unaddressed. It would appear that a more compelling marketing strategy combined with industrial scale production are required to make it happen.

In the meantime, I will keep watching, and learning.

 

 

 

Rock – Paper – Fire

amazon-rainforest-fires-nasa-space-photosFrom a garage in China to the rainforests in Brazil, fire is the ultimate disruptor. It burns up balance sheets, it devours the source of oxygen supply of our planet and – along with it – plans for the future that anyone may have ever made.

I continue to be convinced that the need for  sustainability and electrification will lead to a much sharper and shorter upward trajectory than projected by a lot of people studying the “future of electrification”. Tesla on Fire - ChinaMetal Megatrends, like all megatrends, are no longer linear or even exponential. When the first ICE powered cars roamed the Earth, drivers bought their gasoline in pharmacies. What is the critical reduction in fuel consumption that will cause petrol stations as a business model to collapse again? How long before Starbucks rolls out free EV charging with every cup of coffee? Will 7Eleven and QuickCheck be the new Chevron or Shell? How long before hydrogen is accepted as a mainstream technology?

How long before market analysts will look at their models and question the premises of linear growth projected for several decades during which fires will lick at their spreadsheets? The rock, the only constant in this game, becomes the acceptance of the non-linear, the improbable, the unfathomable. Let’s learn to deal with it.  

Housekeeping

Dear Subscribers,

Kitco 1Please pardon the prolonged absence. As some of you already know, I made a career change earlier this year. Joining BASF takes me full circle as head of their Precious Metals Chemicals business. On top, I am in charge of battery recycling and fuel cell materials which means I was put right into the candy store of Metal Megatrends.

BASF are ok with me continuing to write and speak at conferences, so the adventure will continue, albeit with a new angle now, going from looking at the world of what’s possible to including the world of what is industrially feasible today. This should be fun!

Because of the transition, I did neither speak at the Auto-Catalyst, Battery and Fuel Cell Seminar in Atlanta, nor did I submit a “Metal Megatrends” paper for the upcoming IPMI conference. Sorry about that, but I had to get my bearings back first. I’ll be back on stage soon.

The adventure will soon continue, so please visit on occasion. Thank you!

Progress in EV Battery Recycling – Kinsbursky Brothers

DSC_8707Some of you may have seen the guest blog on Tesla’s battery recycling program I contributed to Michelle Lynch’s new “Enabled Future” website last month. There is always more to pieces like this than meets the eye as, usually, more time is spent on research than on the actual writing of a new report. Traditionally, Tesla has been quite transparent in such matters but a lot of time has passed since the conception and launch of their “Gigafctory” in Nevada. Apparently, the company is working on novel approaches to the topic that they don’t want to see released prematurely.

So I contacted Kinsbursky Brothers to check if the information provided by Tesla in 2008 is still accurate. Daniel Kinsbursky, Vice President at Kinsbursky Brothers, kindly answered a set of questions I submitted.

gm-ev1Kinsbursky has been in business since the mid 1980’s, focusing on battery recycling from the start. Their first exposure to electric vehicle (EV) battery recycling came in the late 1990’s, when the lead acid batteries from General Motor’s iconic “EV1” had to be recycled. The company subsequently expanded into Li-ion by becoming the largest shareholder in Retriev Technologies with locations in Lancaster, OH, and Trail, BC (Canada).

With respect to the company’s overall business vis-a-vis the recycling of Tesla batteries, Kinsbursky explained: “We offer our battery recycling services to a number of different brands, across multiple applications beyond just EV and hybrid vehicles. For instance, we receive a significant volume of Li-Ion batteries from consumer applications, such as cell phones, laptops/tablets, power tools, and really almost any modern device that requires mobile power. That being said, we expect the largest growth area for our recycling services to be in the automotive sector.”

As a privately held company, Kinsbursky does not share information on recycling volumes or revenues. They did, however, confirm seeing a significant increase in EV batteries year over year, and expect volumes to increase at much higher rates once more of the Li-ion powered EV and hybrid vehicles reach the end of their life cycles. Kinsbursky points out that a recent market study estimates the worldwide Li-ion battery recycling market volume to be US$ 1.78 billion (in 2017) with a projection to reach US$ 23.7 billion by 2030.

Their process for battery recycling hasn’t changed significantly from what I described in my blog. However, Kinsbursky points out that “our goal is to be the first company to commercialize a battery-to-battery recycling process, whereby materials like lithium and cobalt recovered from a used battery can be reutilized in a new battery without any additional intermediary steps.”

With respect to the amount of material sent to landfill (25% according to Tesla’s 2008 blog), the good news is that this has been reduced to below 10%. Kinsbursky explained: “The amount of materials sent to the landfill from our process is largely dependent on the feedstock. Our process is capable of recovering all battery metals, including cobalt, nickel and lithium. Nevertheless, many battery packs utilize different grades of plastic and separator materials, which can consist of mixed quality grades of little recycling value in this commingled form. This is typically less than 10% of the battery mass. … It should also be noted that 10-15% of the battery mass is an electrolyte solvent which is digested within our process.”

Asked to comment on the pros and cons of their recycling method compared to ultra-high temperature incineration, Kinsbursky responded: “There are two common methodologies for the recycling and management of lithium ion batteries. hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical. Umicore’s process utilizes pyrometallurgical. Each type of system has its own benefits and deficiencies. As you stated, the UHT process would be more energy demanding than a hydrometallurgical process, and the hydrometallurgical system would be more forgiving in the type of material that can be processed.

Our current physical/mechanical process removes any electrical hazards and shreds and separates the batteries into usable commodity feeds. We are essentially a pre-processor for pyrometallurgical downstream processors. The advantage of our process is that it separates the metals into more concentrated feeds for the pyrometallurgical processes, thereby increasing efficiency and energy usage. Our long-term goal of producing battery materials will utilize additional hydrometallurgical processes on the back-end of our existing processes. We think over-all this will provide a lower energy pathway to closing the loop on lithium ion battery recycling when compared to the pyrometallurgical route.”

In conclusion, a lot of progress has been made, and new developments (David Kinsbusrsky did not want to comment on these) are on the horizon. Closed loops, or nearly closed recycling loops, seem possible provided that manufacturers and recyclers continue working together towards this goal.

Tech Metals – “Unstoppable”

Earlier this week, I visited my friends at Kitco News for a casual chat. They couldn’t help themselves but turn it into an article on Technology Metals with a slant on Rhodium. Click here to read it on the Kitco News website.

Now available: Videos of IPMI’s “Precious Metals and Mobility” Symposium

In case you missed this event, there is now a convenient and inexpensive way to watch most presentations and the podium discussions of our “Precious Metals and Mobility” Symposium which took place in New Brunswick, NJ, a little over a month ago.

Kitco News provided news coverage for the event, and created the recordings for IPMI free of charge. All proceedings will benefit the IPMI, a charitable organization. Please follow this link to get to Kitco’s event page:

https://insider.kitco.com/product/ipmi-symposium-ticket-pass/

And if that’s not enough, please check out my interview with Daniela Cambone on YouTube:

IPMI Symposium Update

Hi everyone,

It’s finally happening! Tonight, we’ll kick off the “Precious Metals and Mobility” Symposium in New Brunswick, New Jersey. A few updates:

We know several of you are not having fun traveling today with the storm going on in our area. So please note that the Welcome Reception tonight has been moved to 7pm (was 6pm), and we’ll save you a drink.

Also, please view or download the final version of the event program here. Note the times, rooms, and the one speaker change on Tuesday.

We look forward to seeing everyone at The Heldrich tonight.

Precious Metals & Mobility Symposium – Cutoff Date for special rates is March 26

It’s finally happening: IPMI’s first symposium on the transformation of the automotive industry will start April 16. We have an exciting slate of speakers covering many different aspects of this topic. Sign up now as space is limited (seriously, the room will hold 90 people max).

Kitco News will provide news coverage, and it looks like we’ll have Tesla Model 3 to check out on Wednesday. Don’t miss out – hope to see you next month in East Brunswick.

Click here for the full program and registration info:  https://1drv.ms/b/s!ApQo82MBAeM2ioRHU7FPGghRzlvtEg

 

Upcoming Event: AIChE Dinner Meeting

Hello everyone, and sorry for the long break. As some of you know, I have been busy running “operations” at the International Precious Metals Institute (IPMI) for some time now, on top of my position as Chairman of the Board, and – most of all – on top of my actual job at Sabin Metal Corporation.

Strategic Metals – Staring down a Cliff?

White Cliffs of Dover

Things are looking up, though, and 2018 will be an exciting year. For starters, I am happy to announce a presentation at the American Institute of Chemical Engineers’ Dinner Meeting on January 16, 2018. The event is hosted by the Metro New York Section of AIChE at the Pfizer building in Manhattan. Please take a look at their website for details and registration info.

I look forward to seeing some of you at the event.

Happy New Year,

Bodo